Western point of view education

*Ancient Greek Philosophers*

Plato (427-347 BCE) emphasized idealism, seeking universal truths. He advocated for education focused on reason, wisdom, and spiritual growth. His work, "The Republic," outlines his vision for an ideal society and education system.

Aristotle (384-322 BCE) focused on realism, emphasizing observation and experience. He believed education should cultivate virtues, intellect, and practical skills.

*Modern Western Philosophers*

René Descartes (1596-1650) emphasized rationalism, doubting everything except his own existence. He advocated for individualism and critical thinking in education. 

John Locke (1632-1704) proposed empiricism, stressing experience and sensory knowledge. He advocated for education focused on reason, tolerance, and socialization.

*19th-20th Century Western Philosophers*

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) critiqued traditional education, advocating for individual creativity and self-overcoming. He emphasized art, music, and physical education.

John Dewey (1859-1952) developed pragmatism, focusing on experiential learning and social reform. He advocated for student-centered, progressive education.

*Key Western Educational Philosophies*

Essentialism focuses on transmitting core knowledge and values. Progressivism emphasizes experiential learning and social reform. Perennialism seeks to cultivate wisdom, virtue, and intellectual rigor. Existentialism emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and self-directed learning.

*Influential Western Educational Thinkers*

Maria Montessori (1870-1952) developed child-centered, self-directed learning methods. Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) founded Waldorf education, emphasizing artistic and spiritual development. Paulo Freire (1921-1997) advocated for critical pedagogy, empowering students to challenge social injustices.


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